Henry Spencer Palmer (1834-1893) was a British Army engineer and surveyor born to an English officer’s family in Bangalore, India. He studied at private schools in England and was commissioned as an engineer lieutenant in 1856 after only a year of study. In 1858, he was assigned to a military survey mission in British Columbia, from which he wrote several contributions to the Royal Geographic Society. From the mid 1860s, Palmer worked as a cartographer on a number of Ordnance Surveys, including those in Palestine, Great Britain and New Zealand. Upon retiring in 1887, he settled in Tokyo.

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