Robert W. Hamilton (1905-1995) was a British archaeologist and academic known for his contributions to Near Eastern archaeology. He served as a senior lecturer at the University of Oxford from 1949 to 1956 and later as the Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum from 1962 to 1972. Hamilton’s career began with significant excavations in Palestine and Jordan, including Jerash and Tel Megiddo, in 1929. He also played a critical role in the exploration of Nineveh. He served as the chief inspector of antiquities in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1931 to 1938, where he oversaw the renovation of the al-Aqsa Mosque. Hamilton’s work was disrupted by World War II and the push to establish the state of Israel, leading to his departure from Palestine in 1948.